Livelihood adaptation strategies of the community in Sukajadi during the COVID-19 pandemic: non-farm or farm?

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe disruptions to the economy through mobility restrictions and business closures, resulting in job losses and forcing workers and entrepreneurs to adapt. This study explores livelihood strategies in Sukajadi Village, West Java, where most residents are employed in non-farm sectors and a smaller proportion in farming. A mixed-method approach was applied, combining observations, in-depth interviews and household surveys. Data was collected between February and June 2022, with follow-up in February 2024. Findings reveal generational differences in livelihood choices: older residents remain engaged in horticultural farming, while younger generations prefer non-farm employment, particularly in the garment sector. During the “second wave” of the pandemic (May–July 2021), two types of garment industries (garment manufacturing and made-to-order clothing) faced challenges, but the made-to-order sector proved more resilient. This was due to more flexible order systems, fewer workers, higher sewing skills and lower dependence on centralized markets. Although farming persists as an option, limited agricultural resources and a lack of farming skills make non-farm sectors more favourable. Overall, these findings suggest that in the face of economic disruption, people's adaptation strategies tend to be directed towards non-agricultural work rather than agricultural work which requires greater skills and resources.