Pengelolaan limbah elektronika di DKI Jakarta menggunakan pendekatan Soft System Methodology
Keywords:
e-waste, SSM, management, stakeholder
Abstract
In the last few decades, the growth of electrical and electronic products has significantly increased, marked by an increase in demand and sales of its products globally. It affects the product's service life to be shorter, which ends up becoming waste faster. Some factors causing the complexity of electronic waste management problems are the roles and functions of stakeholders (government, informal sector, manufacturing industry and sanitation office). This article analyzed the electronic waste management problems and alternative solution through the waste management model using the Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach. Data and information were obtained through literature studies and in-depth discussions with several experts. The study results show that applying the SSM method produces a conceptual model illustrating the activities between sub-elements to improve electronic waste management. The SSM model was built to improve waste management and reduce its negative impacts. The role relevance and synergy of actors such as the central government, local governments, and business actors (waste businesses, including scavengers) determine the objectives' success. As a major stakeholder, Ministry of Environment and Forestry plays a role in designing policies and programs, supported by Ministry of Industry, DKI Jakarta Sanitation Service and other related agencies.
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References
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Checkland P. 1999. An application of soft system methodology. In: Rosenhead J. Rational analysis for a problematical word. Wiley. Chichester.
Eriyatno. 2012. Ilmu sistem: meningkatkan integrasi dan koordinasi manajemen. Guna Widya. Bogor.
European Commission-WEEE Directive. 2003. Directive 2002/96/EC of the European parliament and of the council on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). European Commission. Brussels.
Hilty LM. 2005. Electrical waste–an emerging risk?. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 25(5):431-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2005. 04.002.
Hosoda E. 2007. International aspects of recycling of electrical and electronic equipment: material circulation in the East Asian region. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 9(2):140-150.
Huo X, Peng L, Xu X, Zheng L, Qiu B, Qi Z, Zhang B, Han D and Piao Z. 2007. Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(7):1113-1117.
Kahhat R, Kima J, Xua M, Allenbya B, Williams E and Zhanga P. 2008. Exploring e-waste management systems in the United States. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 52(7):955-964.
Ongondo FO, Williams ID and Cherrett TJ. 2011. How are WEEE doing? a global review of the management of electrical and electronic wastes. Waste Management 31(4):714-730.
Pariatamby A and Victor D. 2013. Policy trends of e-waste management in Asia. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 15:411-419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163 -013-0136-7.
Peralta GL and Fontanos PM. 2006. E-waste issues and measures in the J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 8:34-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-005-01 42-5
Perman R, Ma Y, McGilvray J and Common M. 2003. Natural resource and environmental economics 3rd Ed. Pearson Education Limited. Harlow.
Prakash S and Manhart A. 2010. Socio-economic assessment and feasibility study on sustainable e-waste management in Ghana [internet]. Tersedia di: https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/1057/2010-105-en.pdf.
Puckett J, Byster L, Westervelt S, Gutierrez R, Davis S, Hussain A and Dutta M. 2002. Exporting harm: the high-tech trashing of Asia. The Basel Action Network (BAN) and Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (SVTC). Seattle.
Purnomo H. 2012. Pemodelan dan simulasi untuk pengelolaan adaptif sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. IPB Press. Bogor.
Rimantho D, Noor E, Eriyatno dan Effendi H. 2019. Penilaian aliran limbah elektronika di DKI Jakarta menggunakan material flow analysis (MFA). Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 17(1):120-129.
Rimantho D, Noor E, Eriyatno and Effendi H. 2020. Risk assessment on failure factors of e-waste management process using FMEA method. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10(6): 2504-2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.6.7433.
Robinson BH. 2009. E-waste: an assessment of global production and environmental impacts. Sci. Total Environ. 408(2):183-191.
Schluep M, Hagelüken C, Kuehr R, Magalini F, Maurer C, Meskers C, Muellera E and Wang F. 2009. Sustainable innovation & technology transfer industrial sector studies: recycling - from e-waste to resources. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and United Nations University (UNU). Paris.
Sthiannopkao S and Wong MH. 2013. Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: initiatives, practices, and consequences. Sci. Total Environ. 463-464:1147-1153.
Sudarmaji, Mukono J dan Corie IP. 2006. Toksikologi logam berat B3 dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan. Jurnal kesehatan Lingkungan 2(2):129-142.
Terazono A, Murakami S, Abe N, Inanc B, Moriguchi Y, Sakai S, Kojima M, Yoshida A, Li J, Yang J, Wong MH, Jain A, Kim I, Peralta GL, Lin C, Mungcharoen T and Williams E. 2006. Current status and research on e-waste issues in Asia. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 8:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-005 -0147-0
[UNEP] United Nations Environment Programme. 2006. Overview: electrical and electronic equipment when becoming waste (e-waste) such as personal computers, printers, televisions, mobile phones, refrigerators and air-conditioning units is one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world today [internet]. Tersedia di: http://www.basel.int.
Wang F, Huisman J, Meskers CEM, Schluep M, Stevels A and Hagelüken C. 2012. The best-of-2-worlds philosophy: developing local dismantling and global infrastructure network for sustainable e-waste treatment in emerging economies. Waste Management 32(11):2134-2146.
Wen XF, Li JH, Hao L, Yin FF, Hu LX, Liu HP and Liu ZY. 2006. An agenda to move forward e-waste recycling and challenges in China [Proceeding]. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650083.
Wong MH, Wu SC, Deng WJ, Yu XZ, Luo Q, Leung AO, Wong CS, Luksemburg WJ and Wong AS. 2007. Export of toxic chemicals - a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. Environmental Pollution 149(2):131-140.
Published
2021-02-07
How to Cite
Rimantho, D. (2021). Pengelolaan limbah elektronika di DKI Jakarta menggunakan pendekatan Soft System Methodology. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management), 4(3), 552-564. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36813/jplb.4.3.552-564
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