Sintesis komposit berbasis styrofoam dan kulit kayu galam sebagai adsorben besi pada limbah cair pertambangan intan
Keywords:
Keywords: styrofoam, galam wood, composite, diamond mining wastewater, styrofoam, galam wood, composite, diamond mining wastewater
Abstract
South Kalimantan Province is well known for its abundant diamond production. However, diamond mining activities leave excavation pits filled with water that cannot be utilized due to high concentrations of heavy metals. This study aims to develop an effective method for synthesizing a composite from styrofoam-derived polystyrene and cellulose extracted from galam wood (Melaleuca cajuputi) bark as an adsorbent, characterize the obtained composite, and evaluate its adsorption capability compared to commercially activated carbon for diamond mining wastewater treatment. Cellulose was isolated from galam wood bark, while polystyrene was obtained from styrofoam. The isolated materials were then used for composite synthesis. The adsorption process was examined by analyzing the effects of contact time and adsorbent mass. The optimal masses for the composite, activated carbon, and galam wood bark powder were found to be 1 g, 7.5 g, and 5 g, respectively. After treatment, the final turbidity levels using these adsorbents were 1.82, 486, and 232 NTU, respectively, compared to an initial turbidity of 1110 NTU. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) results indicated that the PSS-cellulose composite reduced iron (Fe) concentration from 38.30 mg/L to 24.12 mg/L.
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References
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Al-Ghouti MA and Da'ana DA. 2020. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of adsorption isotherm models: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 393(1):1-22.
Al-Sabagh AM, Moustafa YM, Hamdy A, Killa HM, Ghanem RTM and Morsi RE. 2018. Preparation and characterization of sulfonated polystyrene/magnetite nanocomposites for organic dye adsorption. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 27(3):403-413.
Cho BG, Mun SB, Lim CR, Kang SB, Cho CW and Yun YS. 2022. Adsorption modeling of microcrystalline cellulose for pharmaceutical-based micropollutants. Journal of Hazardous Materials 426:1-8.
Cosahan SR, Istikowati WT dan Itta D. 2023. Pemanfaatan kulit galam sebagai bahan baku tambahan pada pembuatan rak telur pada PT. Prima Rezeki. Jurnal Hutan Tropis 11(1):26-32.
Darmaji D, Sari NM dan Yuniarti Y. 2020. Pemanfaatan limbah serbuk gergaji kayu galam (Melaleuca Cajuputi Powell) menjadi bioetanol sumber energi alternatif terbarukan. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 3(1):85-91.
Feng C, Ren P, Huo M, Dai Z, Liang D, Jin Y and Ren F. 2020. Facile synthesis of trimethylammonium grafted cellulose foams with high capacity for selective adsorption of anionic dyes from water. Carbohydrate Polymers 241:1-42.
Fithratullah R, Juwiyatri E dan Pribadi A. 2023. Identifikasi jenis plankton sebagai bioindikator perairan di Danau Seran Kecamatan Landasan Ulin, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton 9(4):945-953.
Hidayat L. 2017. Pengelolaan lingkungan areal tambang batubara (studi kasus pengelolaan air asam tambang (acid mining drainage) di PT. Bhumi Rantau Energi Kabupaten Tapin Kalimantan Selatan). Jurnal ADHUM 8(1):44-52.
Ighalo JO, Kurniawan SB, Iwuozor KO, Aniagor CO, Ajala OJ, Oba SN, Iwuchukwu FU, Ahmadi S and Igwegbe CA. 2022. A review of treatment technologies for the mitigation of the toxic environmental effects of acid mine drainage (AMD). Process Safety and Environmental Protection 157:37-58.
Ijah K, Rahman M dan Rahman A. 2018. Analisis beberapa parameter fisika dan kimia di bekas lahan tambang intan Kecamatan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Aquatic Jurnal Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa 1(2):132-142.
Jawed A and Pandey LM. 2019. Application of bimetallic Al-doped ZnO nano-assembly for heavy metal removal and decontamination of wastewater. Water Science and Technology 80(11):2067-2078.
Jia J, Fu Z, Wang L, Huang Z and Liu C. 2019. Conversion of waste polystyrene foam into sulfonated hyper-crosslinked polymeric adsorbents for cadmium removal in a fixed-bed column. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 142:346-354.
Kurniawan B, Huamaira T, Hasanah S, Christina E dan At-Tsaqib JH. 2022. Modifikasi struktur polistirena menggunakan maleat anhidrida sebagai pengikat silang dan benzoil peroksida sebagai inisiator. Asian Journal of Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering 1(1):25-34.
Lee G, Park SI, Shin HY, Joh HI, Kim SS and Lee S. 2023. Simultaneous reactions of sulfonation and condensation for high-yield conversion of polystyrene into carbonaceous material. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 122:426-436.
Leswana NF, Siswanta D dan Suratman A. 2021. Sintesis membran polielektrolit komplek polistirena sulfonat-kitosan dari limbah styrofoam sebagai adsorben logam Cu (II) dan Ni (II). Jurnal Farmasi Eta 1(1):10-25.
Li D, Tian X, Wang Z, Guan Z, Li X, Qiao H, Ke H, Lui L and Wei Q. 2020. Multifunctional adsorbent based on metal-organic framework modified bacterial cellulose/chitosan composite aerogel for high efficient removal of heavy metal ion and organic pollutant. Chemical Engineering Journal 383:1-9.
Muharrem INCE and Ince OK. 2017. An overview of adsorption technique for heavy metal removal from water/wastewater: a critical review. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 3(2):10-19.
Omar S, Muhamad MS, Te Chuan L, Hadibarata T and Teh ZC. 2019. A review on lead sources, occurrences, health effects, and treatment using hydroxyapatite (HAp) adsorbent made from fish waste. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 230:1-21.
Peng B, Yao Z, Wang X, Crombeen M, Sweeney DG and Tam KC. 2020. Cellulose-based materials in wastewater treatment of petroleum industry. Green Energy & Environment 5(1) :7-49.
Permatasari D, Rahman M dan Yasmi Z. 2022. Pengaruh pemberian dosis baking soda (natrium bikarbonat) yang berbeda terhadap kadar DO (dissolved oxygen) dengan tingkat kematian ikan budidaya di perairan bekas galian tambang intan PT. Galuh Cempaka. AQUATIC Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan 5(1):44-58.
Putri FA, Widia W, Amelia A and Mahardika RG. 2023. Polystyrene sulfonate-chitosan membrane from styrofoam waste as the adsorbent for Fe (III) metals from ex-tin mining. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 26(11):445-450.
Rudi NN, Muhamad MS, Te Chuan L, Alipal J, Omar S, Hamidon N, Hamid NHA, Sunar NM, Ali R and Harun H. 2020. Evolution of adsorption process for manganese removal in water via agricultural waste adsorbents. Heliyon 6(9):1-13.
Tran AT, Pham TT, Nguyen QH, Hoang NT, Bui DT, Nguyen MT, Nguyen MK and van der Bruggen B. 2020. From waste disposal to valuable material: Sulfonating polystyrene waste for heavy metal removal. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8(5):1-15.
Tran ATK, Hoang NTT and Nguyen PT. 2023. Optimizing sulfonation process of polystyrene waste for hardness and heavy metal removal. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 8:100396.
Wahyuni E, Adlim dan Khaldun I. 2018. Efektivitas adsorpsi ion merkuri (II) menggunakan alternatif adsorben butiran kerikil putih yang terlapisi kitosan pada penjernih air portable. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Kimia 3(4):129-139.
Wang B, Lan J, Bo C, Gong B and Ou J. 2023. Adsorption of heavy metal onto biomass-derived activated carbon: review. RSC advances 13(7):4275-4302.
Xie Y, Pan Y and Cai P. 2022. Hydroxyl crosslinking reinforced bagasse cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite films as biodegradable packaging. Industrial Crops and Products 176(1):1-8.
Zou Y, Wang X, Khan A, Wang P, Liu Y, Alsaedi A, Hayat T and Wang X. 2016. Environmental remediation and application of nanoscale zero-valent iron and its composites for the removal of heavy metal ions: a review. Environmental Science & Technology 50(14):7290-7304.
Published
2025-04-29
How to Cite
Nugravita, A., Dirgahayu, D., Fitriani, R., Gea, T., & Irawati, U. (2025). Sintesis komposit berbasis styrofoam dan kulit kayu galam sebagai adsorben besi pada limbah cair pertambangan intan. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management), 9(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36813/jplb.9.1.65-78
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