Tingkat kesehatan karang berdasarkan coral health chart di tiga daerah penyelaman di Taman Nasional Bunaken

  • Jongky Wuner Alfius Kamagi Jurusan Pariwisata, Politeknik Negeri Manado, Manado, Indonesia
  • Radjab Djamali Jurusan Pariwisata, Politeknik Negeri Manado, Manado, Indonesia
  • Robert Daniel Towoliu Jurusan Pariwisata, Politeknik Negeri Manado, Manado, Indonesia
  • Andritsu Polii Jurusan Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Manado, Manado, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36813/jplb.6.3.205-216
Keywords: diving area, coral disease, coral bleaching

Abstract

Bunaken National Park is a special interest tourism destination with diving as the main attraction. Bunaken National Park is not only famous for the diversity of marine life such as fish, mammals, and marine reptiles, but also famous for its unique underwater landscape in the form of coral reef walls which are the main attraction for underwater photographers. The increase in tourist visits has caused damage to the coral reefs on Bunaken Island. Other damages can be caused by nature such as storms, coral disease, starfish abundance, crown of thorn and coral bleaching. Based on these problems, this study set the following objectives: to measure the health level of corals in the Bunaken Island area, Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi Province. The method used for data collection in this study was to use a coralwatch table with a random sampling method. The results denoted that the Pangalisang and Fukui dive areas were on a scale of 4 while the Muka Kampung area was on a scale of 3.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ampou EE, Triyulianti I dan Nugroho SC. 2012. Analisa bakteri pada karang scleractinia berkaitan dengan fenomena La Nina di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bunaken. Ecotropic 7(2):126-130.
Arena P. 2011. Protecting fish assemblages on sunken vessels to enhance diving ecotourism and local natural resources. In: Micallef, A. (ed), MCRR3-2010 Conference Proceedings. Journal of Coastal Research 61:375-377.
Chung SS, Au A and Qiu JW. 2013. Understanding the underwater behaviour of scuba divers in Hongkong. Environmental Management 51:824-837.
Coral Watch. 2018. Teacher guide, measuring coral health using random surveys. The University of Queensland. Australia.
Elias W, Kasem A and Khairy N. 2016. Application of environmental practices of diving/snorkeling in Hurghada Egypt. International Journal of Arts & Sciences 09(02):435–444.
Giglio VJ, Luiz OJ and Schiavetti A. 2016. Recreational diver behavior and contacts with benthic organisms in the Abrolhos National Marine Park, Brazil. Journal Environmental Management 57:637-648.
Johan O. 2010. Penyebab, dampak, dan manajemen penyakit karang di ekosistem terumbu karang. Media Akuakultur 5(2):144-152.
Knipp AL, Pettijohn JC, Jadot C and Hertler H. 2020 .Contrasting color loss and restoration in survivors of the 2014-2017 coral bleaching event in the Turks and Caicos Islands. SN Applied Sciences 2:331.
Luasunaung A, Manoppo V dan Schaduw JNW. 2015. Monitoring dan evaluasi lokasi penyelaman Taman Nasional Bunaken Kota Manado Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal SPATIAL - Wahana Komunikasi dan Informasi Geografi 14(2):1-7.
Mill RE. 2000. Tourism: the international business (edisi Bahasa Indonesia). Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
Mota L. 2016. Using of natural spaces for tourism activity scuba diving and impacts on aquatic animals. International Journal of Tropical Veterinary Biomedical Research 1(1):9-20.
Prior M, Ormond R, Hitchen R and Wormald C. 1995. The impact on natural resources of activity tourism: A case study of diving in Egypt. International Journal Environmental Studies 48: 201-209.
Sjafrie NDM. 2014. Coral bleaching: mekanisme pertahanan karang terhadap stress. Jurnal Oseana 39(4):1-13.
Taufiqurohman A, Faizal I dan Rizkia KA. 2021. Identifikasi kondisi kesehatan ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Sepa Kepulauan Seribu. Oseanografi Marina 10(1):23-32.
Yulianda F. 2018. Daya dukung ekowisata snorkeling dan selam Taman Nasional Bunaken. Balai Taman Nasional Bunaken. Manado.
Zhang LY and Chung SS. 2015. Assessing the social carrying capacity of diving site in Mabul Island Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Management 56:1467-1477.
Zhang LY, Chung SS and Qiu JW. 2016. Ecological carrying capacity assessment of diving site: A case study Mabul Island Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Management 183:253-259.
JPLB, Vol 6, No 3 (2022)
Published
2022-12-28
How to Cite
Kamagi, J., Djamali, R., Towoliu, R., & Polii, A. (2022). Tingkat kesehatan karang berdasarkan coral health chart di tiga daerah penyelaman di Taman Nasional Bunaken. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management), 6(3), 205-216. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36813/jplb.6.3.205-216
Issue
JPLB, Vol 6, No 3 (2022)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).