Potensi stok dan nilai ekonomi karbon ekosistem lamun di Desa Tanjung Sungkai, Kabupaten Kotabaru
Keywords:
seagrass ecosystem, blue carbon, carbon stock, carbon economic value, Tanjung Sungkai Village
Abstract
Seagrass ecosystems are blue carbon ecosystems that play a crucial role in coastal carbon storage. However, they are undergoing a global decline in terms of area and quality. The village of Tanjung Sungkai in Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan, has significant seagrass potential and is included in the indicative location of the KSNT Blue Carbon Reserve. However, scientific information regarding the total carbon storage and economic value of carbon in this area is limited. Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the condition of the seagrass ecosystem based on seagrass cover percentage, estimate carbon stock potential and assess the economic value of carbon to support sustainable coastal management. The results showed that the average seagrass cover was 33.05 ± 20.36% (moderate category), with four types of seagrass identified: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium and Halophila ovalis. The community structure was dominated by H. ovalis (59%), followed by S. isoetifolium (36%). The total carbon stock reached 2,951.278 tons and the economic value of seagrass carbon was estimated at IDR 17.82 billion, while ecosystem degradation per hectare had the potential to cause losses of up to IDR 660 million. The Adaptive Management approach is considered relevant to support sustainable seagrass ecosystem management.
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References
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McKenzie LJ, Yoshida RL, Unsworth RKF. 2014. Disturbance influences the invasion of a seagrass into an existing meadow. Mar Pollut Bull. 86(1-2):186-196. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.019.
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Orth RJ, Carruthers TIMJB, Dennison WC, Duarte CM, James W, Jr KLH, Hughes AR, Kendrick GA, Kenworthy WJ, Olyarnik S, et al. 2006. A Global Crisis for Seagrass Ecosystems - Orth et al Biosc. 2006 .pdf. Bioscience. 56(12):987-996.
Paling EI, Fonseca M, van Katwijk MM, van Keulen M. 2009. Seagrass Restoration. Coast Wetl - An Integr Ecosyst approach., siap terbit.
Pedersen O, Colmer TD, Borum J, Zavala-Perez A, Kendrick GA. 2016. Heat stress of two tropical seagrass species during low tides - impact on underwater net photosynthesis, dark respiration and diel in situ internal aeration. New Phytol. 210(4):1207-1218. doi:10.1111/nph.13900.
Pendleton L, Donato DC, Murray BC, Crooks S, Jenkins WA, Sifleet S, Craft C, Fourqurean JW, Kauffman JB, Marbà N, et al. 2012. Estimating Global “Blue Carbon” Emissions from Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems. PLoS One. 7(9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043542.
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Rasheed MA. 2004. Recovery and succession in a multi-species tropical seagrass meadow following experimental disturbance: The role of sexual and asexual reproduction. J Exp Mar Bio Ecol. 310(1):13-45. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2004.03.022.
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Rustam A, Adi NS, Daulat A, Kiswara W, Yusup DSu, Ambo-Rappe R. 2019. Pedoman Pengukuran Karbon di Ekosistem Padang Lamun. Bandung: ITB Press.
Sakmiana AF, Paputungan MS, Kusumaningrum W, Rahmawati S. 2023. Estimasi Konsentrasi dan Stok Karbon Organik pada Sedimen Lamun di Desa Selangan, Kalimantan Timur. J Mar Res. 12(3):483-492. doi:10.14710/jmr.v12i3.38011.
Stankovic M, Ambo-Rappe R, Carly F, Dangan-Galon F, Fortes MD, Hossain MS, Kiswara W, Van Luong C, Minh-Thu P, Mishra AK, et al. 2021. Quantification of blue carbon in seagrass ecosystems of Southeast Asia and their potential for climate change mitigation. Sci Total Environ. 783:146858. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146858.
Turschwell MP, Connolly RM, Dunic JC, Sievers M, Buelow CA, Pearson RM, Tulloch VJD, Cote IM, Unsworth RKF, Collier CJ, et al. 2021. Anthropogenic pressures and life history predict trajectories of seagrass meadow extent at a global scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 118(45):1-11. doi:10.1073/pnas.2110802118.
[UNEP] United Nations Environment Programme. 2020. Out of the Blue: The value of seagrasses to the environment and to people. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
Unsworth RKF, Collier CJ, Waycott M, Mckenzie LJ, Cullen-Unsworth LC. 2015. A framework for the resilience of seagrass ecosystems. Mar Pollut Bull. 100(1):34-46. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.016.
Unsworth RKF, Cullen-Unsworth LC, Jones BLH, Lilley RJ. 2022. The planetary role of seagrass conservation. Science (80- ). 377(6606):609-613. doi:10.1126/science.abq6923.
Wahyudi AJ, Rahmawati S, Irawan A, Hadiyanto H, Prayudha B, Hafizt M, Afdal A, Adi NS, Rustam A, Hernawan UE, et al. 2020. Assessing Carbon Stock and Sequestration of the Tropical Seagrass Meadows in Indonesia. Ocean Sci J. 55(1):85-97. doi:10.1007/s12601-020-0003-0.
Waycott M, Duarte CM, Carruthers TJB, Orth RJ, Dennison WC, Olyarnik S, Calladine A, Fourqurean JW, Heck KL, Hughes AR, et al. 2009. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106(30):12377-12381. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905620106.
Agustiana TA, Nursalam N, Lestarina PM. 2024. Estimasi Stok Karbon Pada Padang Lamun Di Perairan Desa Tanjung Sungkai Kabupaten Kotabaru Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Mar Coast Small Islands J - J Ilmu Kelaut. 5(2):1. doi:10.20527/m.v5i2.11802.
Alongi DM, Murdiyarso D, Fourqurean JW, Kauffman JB, Hutahaean A, Crooks S, Lovelock CE, Howard J, Herr D, Fortes M, et al. 2016. Indonesia’s blue carbon: a globally significant and vulnerable sink for seagrass and mangrove carbon. Wetl Ecol Manag. 24(1):3-13. doi:10.1007/s11273-015-9446-y.
Balestri E, Menicagli V, Lardicci C. 2021. Managing biotic interactions during early seagrass life stages to improve seed-based restoration. J Appl Ecol. 58(11):2453-2462. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13980.
Bayraktarov E, Saunders MI, Abdullah S, Mills M, Beher J, Possingham HP, Mumby PJ, Lovelock CE. 2016. The Cost and Feasibility of Marine Coastal Restoration. Ecol Appl. 26(4):1055-1074. doi:10.1890/15-1077.
Donato DC, Kauffman JB, Murdiyarso D, Kurnianto S, Stidham M, Kanninen M. 2011. Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nat Geosci. 4(5):293-297. doi:10.1038/ngeo1123.
Duarte CM. 1990. Seagrass nutrient content. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 67:201-207. doi:10.3354/meps067201.
Duarte CM, Losada IJ, Hendriks IE, Mazarrasa I, Marbà N. 2013. The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nat Clim Chang. 3(11):961-968. doi:10.1038/nclimate1970.
Fourqurean JW, Duarte CM, Kennedy H, Marbà N, Holmer M, Mateo MA, Apostolaki ET, Kendrick GA, Krause-Jensen D, McGlathery KJ, et al. 2012. Seagrass ecosystems as a globally significant carbon stock. Nat Geosci. 5(7):505-509. doi:10.1038/ngeo1477.
Gole S, Prajapati S, Prabakaran N, Das H, Kuppusamy S, Johnson JA. 2023. Spatial diversity and habitat characteristics of seagrass meadows with management recommendations in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Front Mar Sci. 10 December:1-17. doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1251887.
Howard J, Hoyt S, Isensee K, Pidgeon E, Telszweski M. 2014. Coastal blue carbon: methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows. Howard J, Hoyt S, Isensee Kirsten, Pidgeon E, Telszewski M, editor. https://www.thebluecarboninitiative.org/manual/.
Howard J, Sutton-Grier A, Herr D, Kleypas J, Landis E, Mcleod E, Pidgeon E, Simpson S. 2017. Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation. Front Ecol Environ. 15(1):42-50. doi:10.1002/fee.1451.
[IOJI] Indonesi Ocean Justice Initiative. 2023. Blue Carbon Ecosystem as Critical Natural Capital: Governance of Blue Carbon Ecosystems in Indonesia. Jakarta Ed ke-Accessed 2025-10-22. https://oceanjusticeinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/exsum-bceg-english.pdf.
Jang J, Awiati W. 2023. Karbon Biru Di Indonesia: Memahami Pentingnya Konservasi Dan Restorasi Untuk Mencapai Netralitas Karbon. J Huk dan Bisnis. 9(1):18-36.
van Katwijk MM, Thorhaug A, Marbà N, Orth RJ, Duarte CM, Kendrick GA, Althuizen IHJ, Balestri E, Bernard G, Cambridge ML, et al. 2016. Global analysis of seagrass restoration: The importance of large-scale planting. J Appl Ecol. 53(2):567-578. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12562.
Kauffman JB, Heider C, Cole TG, Dwire KA, Donato DC. 2011. Ecosystem carbon stocks of micronesian mangrove forests. Wetlands. 31(2):343-352. doi:10.1007/s13157-011-0148-9.
Kennedy H, Beggins J, Duarte CM, Fourqurean JW, Holmer M, Marbá N, Middelburg JJ. 2010. Seagrass sediments as a global carbon sink: Isotopic constraints. Global Biogeochem Cycles. 24(4):1-8. doi:10.1029/2010GB003848.
[KKP] Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2025. KKP Dorong Percepatan Legalisasi Rencana Zonasi KSNT untuk Karbon Biru. Humas Ditjen Penataan Ruang Laut, Kementeri Kelaut dan Perikan., siap terbit. https://kkp.go.id/news/news-detail/kkp-dorong-percepatan-legalisasi-rencana-zonasi-ksnt-untuk-karbon-biru-vQAr.html.
Krause JR, Cameron C, Arias-Ortiz A, Cifuentes-Jara M, Crooks S, Dahl M, Friess DA, Kennedy H, Lim KE, Lovelock CE, et al. 2025. Global seagrass carbon stock variability and emissions from seagrass loss. Nat Commun . 16(1):1-9. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59204-4.
Long RD, Charles A, Stephenson RL. 2015. Key principles of marine ecosystem-based management. Mar Policy. 57:53-60. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2015.01.013.
Lovelock CE, Fourqurean JW, Morris JT. 2017. Modeled CO2 emissions from coastal wetland transitions to other land uses: Tidal marshes, mangrove forests, and seagrass beds. Front Mar Sci. 4 MAY:1-11. doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00143.
Marbà N, Arias-Ortiz A, Masqué P, Kendrick GA, Mazarrasa I, Bastyan GR, Garcia-Orellana J, Duarte CM. 2015. Impact of seagrass loss and subsequent revegetation on carbon sequestration and stocks. J Ecol. 103(2):296-302. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12370.
McHenry J, Rassweiler A, Hernan G, Dubel AK, Curtin C, Barzak J, Varias N, Lester SE. 2023. Geographic variation in organic carbon storage by seagrass beds. Limnol Oceanogr. 68(6):1256-1268. doi:10.1002/lno.12343.
McKenzie L, Campbell S, C R. 2003. Seagrass-Watch: Manual for Mapping & Monitoring Seagrass Resources. Northern Fisheries Centre, Cairns: the Seagrass-Watch HQ.
McKenzie LJ, Yoshida RL, Unsworth RKF. 2014. Disturbance influences the invasion of a seagrass into an existing meadow. Mar Pollut Bull. 86(1-2):186-196. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.019.
McLeod E, Chmura GL, Bouillon S, Salm R, Björk M, Duarte CM, Lovelock CE, Schlesinger WH, Silliman BR. 2011. A blueprint for blue carbon: Toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2. Front Ecol Environ. 9(10):552-560. doi:10.1890/110004.
McLeod K, Leslie H. 2009. Ecosystem-Based Management for the Oceans. Ed ke-2. Island Press.
Nellemann C, Corcoran E, Duarte CM, Valdes L, Young C De, Fonseca L, Grimsdith G. 2009. Blue Carbon Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal.
Orth RJ, Carruthers TIMJB, Dennison WC, Duarte CM, James W, Jr KLH, Hughes AR, Kendrick GA, Kenworthy WJ, Olyarnik S, et al. 2006. A Global Crisis for Seagrass Ecosystems - Orth et al Biosc. 2006 .pdf. Bioscience. 56(12):987-996.
Paling EI, Fonseca M, van Katwijk MM, van Keulen M. 2009. Seagrass Restoration. Coast Wetl - An Integr Ecosyst approach., siap terbit.
Pedersen O, Colmer TD, Borum J, Zavala-Perez A, Kendrick GA. 2016. Heat stress of two tropical seagrass species during low tides - impact on underwater net photosynthesis, dark respiration and diel in situ internal aeration. New Phytol. 210(4):1207-1218. doi:10.1111/nph.13900.
Pendleton L, Donato DC, Murray BC, Crooks S, Jenkins WA, Sifleet S, Craft C, Fourqurean JW, Kauffman JB, Marbà N, et al. 2012. Estimating Global “Blue Carbon” Emissions from Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems. PLoS One. 7(9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043542.
Rahmawati S, Irawan A, Supriyadi IH, Azkab H. 2017. Panduan Pemantauan Penilaian Kondisi Padang Lamun. Coremap Cti Lipi. January:35.
Rasheed MA. 2004. Recovery and succession in a multi-species tropical seagrass meadow following experimental disturbance: The role of sexual and asexual reproduction. J Exp Mar Bio Ecol. 310(1):13-45. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2004.03.022.
Rennert K, Errickson F, Prest BC, Rennels L, Newell RG, Pizer W, Kingdon C, Wingenroth J, Cooke R, Parthum B, et al. 2022. Comprehensive evidence implies a higher social cost of CO2. Nature. 610(7933):687-692. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05224-9.
Rustam A, Adi NS, Daulat A, Kiswara W, Yusup DSu, Ambo-Rappe R. 2019. Pedoman Pengukuran Karbon di Ekosistem Padang Lamun. Bandung: ITB Press.
Sakmiana AF, Paputungan MS, Kusumaningrum W, Rahmawati S. 2023. Estimasi Konsentrasi dan Stok Karbon Organik pada Sedimen Lamun di Desa Selangan, Kalimantan Timur. J Mar Res. 12(3):483-492. doi:10.14710/jmr.v12i3.38011.
Stankovic M, Ambo-Rappe R, Carly F, Dangan-Galon F, Fortes MD, Hossain MS, Kiswara W, Van Luong C, Minh-Thu P, Mishra AK, et al. 2021. Quantification of blue carbon in seagrass ecosystems of Southeast Asia and their potential for climate change mitigation. Sci Total Environ. 783:146858. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146858.
Turschwell MP, Connolly RM, Dunic JC, Sievers M, Buelow CA, Pearson RM, Tulloch VJD, Cote IM, Unsworth RKF, Collier CJ, et al. 2021. Anthropogenic pressures and life history predict trajectories of seagrass meadow extent at a global scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 118(45):1-11. doi:10.1073/pnas.2110802118.
[UNEP] United Nations Environment Programme. 2020. Out of the Blue: The value of seagrasses to the environment and to people. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
Unsworth RKF, Collier CJ, Waycott M, Mckenzie LJ, Cullen-Unsworth LC. 2015. A framework for the resilience of seagrass ecosystems. Mar Pollut Bull. 100(1):34-46. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.016.
Unsworth RKF, Cullen-Unsworth LC, Jones BLH, Lilley RJ. 2022. The planetary role of seagrass conservation. Science (80- ). 377(6606):609-613. doi:10.1126/science.abq6923.
Wahyudi AJ, Rahmawati S, Irawan A, Hadiyanto H, Prayudha B, Hafizt M, Afdal A, Adi NS, Rustam A, Hernawan UE, et al. 2020. Assessing Carbon Stock and Sequestration of the Tropical Seagrass Meadows in Indonesia. Ocean Sci J. 55(1):85-97. doi:10.1007/s12601-020-0003-0.
Waycott M, Duarte CM, Carruthers TJB, Orth RJ, Dennison WC, Olyarnik S, Calladine A, Fourqurean JW, Heck KL, Hughes AR, et al. 2009. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106(30):12377-12381. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905620106.
Published
2026-08-29
How to Cite
Junaidi, A., Yulianto, G., Pratiwi, N., & Adi, N. (2026). Potensi stok dan nilai ekonomi karbon ekosistem lamun di Desa Tanjung Sungkai, Kabupaten Kotabaru. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management), 10(2), 123-141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36813/jplb.10.2.123-141
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